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Murex trapezium. Blunt needle. Gmelin (1791: sp. 99).
Pleuroploca trapezium (Linnaeus, 1758): Fasciolariidae. Indo-Pacific.
915 A large knobbed spindle. (The Atlandian dress). Martini (vol. 4, pl. 139, figs. 1298, 1299). Knorr (vol. 4, pl. 20, fig. 1).
916 One of the above smaller.
Murex harpa. The harp. Gmelin (1791: sp. 102).
???
917 A fig-shaped crowned spindle. Knorr (vol. 6, pl. 15, fig. 4).
918 Two harp-shaped ones of the above, folded. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 142, fig. 1329). (rare).
919 Two of the above with cross bands. Martini ([vol. 4, pl. 142,] fig. 1328).
Murex polygonus. Blunt spindle. Gmelin (1791: sp. 109).
Latrius polygonus (Gmelin, 1791): Fasciolariidae. Indo-Pacific.
920 A blunt spindle with brown and white lines. Knorr (vol. 6, pl. 15, fig. 5).
921 A brown knobbed and furrowed one of the above. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 141, figs. 314, 315).
Murex ansatus. Line horn. Gmelin (1791: sp. 114).
???
922 A pale yellow on the whorl knobbed spindle, 5 inches. Rumphius (pl. 29, fig. G.). Martini (vol. 4, pl.. 144, fig. 1339).
Murex undatus. Milk spindle. Gmelin (1791: sp. 115).
Fusinus undatus (Gmelin, 1791): Fasciolariidae. Pacific.
923 A milk white knobbed spindle with long tip and beak. (the French spindle.) 8 1/4 inches. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 145, fig. 1343).
924 An equally rare one of the above. 7 1/2 inches.
Murex versicolor. Opalescent spindle. Gmelin (1791: sp. 119).
???
925 Two brown speckled and lined spindles. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 146, fig. 1348).
926 A very large, pale yellow finely ribbed spindle with 10 whorls and somewhat knobbed, 11 inches. Knorr (vol. 3, pl. 14, fig. 1).
927 The pineapple spindle. Martini (vol. 4, vignette 39, fig. A). 		page 81
Murex nicobarius. The colorful spindle. Gmelin (1791: sp. Ñ).
Fusinus nicobarius (Röding, 1798): Fasciolariidae. Indo-Pacific.
928 A longtailed Nicobarian furrowed and knobbed spindles, with brown vertical spots, colorfully banded 4 1/2 inches. Chemnitz (vol. 10, pl. 160, fig. 1523).
929 A very rare crowned folded and banded yellow and brown spindle. 2 inches.
930 A folded and ribbed pale yellow spindle with fine brown lines. Rumphius (pl. 49, fig. F).
931 A folded lemon yellow one of the above, with cross bands, 2 inches.
932 Two red pearled drum-like ones of the above.
933 A smooth black one of the above with white band.
934 Two small white elongated spindles.
935 Two pale yellow ones with orange dots ornamented spindle-shaped snails.
936 Two small yellow ones (not Morrocan, but) Amboinian. left handed spindles compare Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 105, fig. 896).
937 An exquisite beautiful trumpet of the dragon. 12 1/2 inches. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 143, fig. 1333).
Murex vergatus. Snout needle. Gmelin (1791: sp. 133).
??? misspelling of virgatus???
938 Two entirely white duck bills. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 157, fig 1480). Knorr (vol. 6, pl. 40, figs. 3, 4).
939 Two of the above, with yellow lines. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 157, fig.s 1481, 1482). Knorr (vol. 3, pl. 20, fig. 3).
940 Two larger ones of the above.
941 Two of the above. Knorr (vol. 5, pl. 15, fig. 6).
Murex aluco. Bastard Pope's crown. Gmelin (1791: sp. 134).
Pseudovergatus aluco (Linnaeus, 1758): Cerithiidae. SW Pacific.
942 Two large bastard Pope's crowns. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 156, figs. 1473, 1474). Knorr (vol. 1, pl. 16, fig. 4).
943 Two of the above, Burn feathers [?: in modern German "pennen" has to colloquial meanings: to sleep and school. Neither of these meanings make any sense. It may be derived from pens/feathers, which would make more sense in the context of elongated shells.] Martini (vol. 4, pl. 156, fig. 1478). Knorr (vol. 3, pl. 16, fig. 5).
944 Two of the same.
945 Two pale yellow ones. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 156, fig. 1479). 		page 82

Murex terebella. Pearled drill. Gmelin (1791: sp. 144).
Pyramidella dolabrata (Linnaeus, 1758) form terebella (Müller, 1774): Pyramidellidae. Indo-Pacific.
946 A cleanly burnt and pearled drill. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 155, fig. 1458).
Note: This snail is actually the on-growth of a noticeable Ostraea edulis, which was mentioned on page 15 under No. 257.
947 Two small pearled ones of the above. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 155, fig. 1458)
948 Four of the above, at the same place [Martini (vol. 4, pl. 155,] fig. 1460).
Murex granulatus. Cancellated bill screw. Gmelin (1791: sp. 149).
???
949 Two white cancellated bill screws. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 157, fig. 1483).
950 Two different granulated ones of the above.
951 A humpy wound around one of the above.

* * *

952 ! Two so far still unknown spindle like snails, pale yellow with brown bands, over the entire body folded and finely ribbed with a red tip and violet aperture.
953 Two of the same, yellow with white cross bands, also white aperture.
954 ! ! Murex australasiae; by us [= new species]. Murex diluted brown, the lowest whorl folded with ribs, transverse furrows. The top five whorls are ornamented of double protuberances. In this variety the aperture is brown. The lowes whorl is strongly foliated with cross furrows; the upper 5 whorls are ornamented with doubly prominent whorls, the aperture is brown, 2 inches.
Nomen dubium. See Geiger (2003) for details.Discussion of this new species.
955 ! ! An other murex of the same variety; shell white, aperture brown. One of the same entirely white with brown aperture, 2 1/2 inches.
956 ! ! Murex pacificus by us [= new species]. Murex dilute brown with white wound around, to the apex continuously going around; the top 5 whorls with a simple protuberance. One of the above, pale yellow with a white band, which runs to the top tip, the top 5 whorls have only a sharp edge. 1 3/4 inches. (Three rare South Seas snails.)
Nomen dubium. See Geiger (2003) for details.

page 83

Genus 326. Trochus. Top.

Trochus niloticus. The pyramid. Gmelin (1791: sp. 1).
Trochus niloticus Linnaeus, 1767: Trochidae. Indo-Pacific.
957 A red flamed Trochus. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 167, fig. 1605). Knorr (vol. 2, pl. 5, fig. 1). 3 1/4 inches.
958 A green and red flamed of the above. Chemnitz at the same place [(vol. 5, pl. 167,] fig. 1606). 3 1/2 inches.
959 One to the mother of pearl undressed one of the above, 4 inches.
960 One of the above, somewhat smaller.
Trochus maculosus. Knotty pyramid. Gmelin (1791: sp. 2).
??? Trochus maculatus Linnaeus, 1758: Trochidae. Indo-Pacific.
961 A red pearled pyramid. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 169, figs. 1623, 1624).
962 Two of the above smaller.
963 ! Trochus tahitiensis, by us [= new species]. Trochus with a conical shell, tuberculated, with white and green tubercules; aperture silver, the interior lip poorly four-toothed. Lives near the islands of the Pacific Ocean. A green serrated pearled pyramid from Otaheite, 1 1/4 inches. This Trochus is all over ornamented with green and white pearls, noticeable is the magnificent mouth with shiny mother of pearl 4 fold serrated. (So far still unknown.)
Nomen dubium. See Geiger (2003) for details. Discussion of this new species.
Trochus perspectivus. Perspectiv snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 3).
Architectonica perspectiva (Linnaeus, 1758): Architectoniidae. Indo-Pacific.
964 A large perspective snail. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 172, figs. 1691, 1692). 2 inches in diameter.
965 Two of the above smaller.
966 Two of the above, with yellow spots.
967 Two rare blue and brown banded ones of the above. Knorr (vol. 1, pl. 11, figs. 1, 2).

page 84
Trochus pharaonius. Pharao snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 6).
Clanculus pharaonius (Linneaus, 1758): Trochidae. Indian Ocean.
968 A beautifully pearled pharao snail. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 171, fig.s 1672, 1673). Knorr (vol. 1, pl. 30, fig. 6).
Trochus magus. The which master. Gmelin (1791: sp. 7).
Gibbula magus (Linnaeus, 1758): Trochidae. European Atlantic.
969 Two different which masters. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 71, figs. 1656, 1660). Knorr (vol. 6, pl. 27, fig. 4).
970 Two different ones of the above.
Trochus solaris. Sun horn. Gmelin (1791: sp. 15).
Stellaria solaris (Linnaeus, 1767): Xenophoridae. Indo-Pacific.
971 ! ! Trochus solaris; the large variety, with accessible [= open] umbilicus, the round whorl with almost translucent silver rays. Lives near Tahiti, & nearby islands of the Pacific Ocean. Our specimen equals 4 3/4 inches in diameter, & 2 1/2 in height. An exquisite large rare imperial sun horn from Otaheite with translucent mother of pearl all around strongly flamed, the umbilicus penetrates to the uppermost tip, it is 4 3/4 inches in diameter, and 2 1/2 inches high. Chemnitz vol. 5, pl. 173, figs. 1714, 1715).
972 A very beautiful sun horn, on top yellow, underneath silver colored shiny. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 174, figs. 1716, 1717). Knorr (vol. 6, pl. 26, fig. 4).
973 A rare elongated sun horn. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 173, figs. 1700, 1701). Rumphius (pl. 20, fig. K).
974 An equally rare unserrated entirely flat one of the above. Knorr (vol. 3, pl. 29, fig. 2).
975 A highbraided and serrated one of the above, this snail has a high orange band, which gives from one whorl to the outermost basis a noticeable appearance.
Trochus labio. Thick lip. Gmelin (1791: sp. 76).
???
976 A thick lip Trochus with the tooth, from New Zealand. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 166, fig.s 1579, 1580).
977 One of the same, as beautiful. 		page 85
Murex striatus. Striated Pyramid. Gmelin (1791: sp. 78).
Jujubinus striatus (Linnaeus, 1758): Trochidae. Azores to Mediterranean.
978 A small striated Nicobarian one of the above.
979 Two different ones of the above. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 162, figs. 1527, 1528). Knorr (vol. 3, pl. 14, figs. 2, 3).
Trochus zyzyphinus. Jujuban top. Gmelin (1791: sp. 80).
Calliostoma zizyphinus (Linnaeus, 1758): Trochidae. W Europe, Azores.
980 Two doubly bordered Transquebarian pyramids. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 166, figs. 1595, 1596).
981 Two crowned ones of the above, at the same place [Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 166,] figs. 1597, 1598).
982 Two smooth yellow ones of the above.
983 ! A golden shimmering with fin rims wound around pyramids from Otaheite. Chemnitz (vol. 10, pl. 165, figs. 1579, 1580). (rare.)
984 ! Two rare pearled, orange and blue ones of the above, banded. Rumphius (pl. 21, fig. 2?).
Trochus virgatus. Gmelin (1791: sp. 83).
Trochus virgatus Gmelin, 1791: Trochidae. Indo-Pacific.
985 Two different undressed mother of pearl Trochi. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 160, figs. 1514, 1515).
Trochus foveolatus. Double serrated top snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 84).
???
986 A magnificent top snail from East India, (rare.). Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 160, figs. 1511, 1512).
987 ! An extremely rare large serrated multicolored top, from the Red Sea, the bottom is clean shiny greenish, 4 inches. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 161, figs. 1518, 1519).
Trochus diaphanus. Pealed top. Gmelin (1791: sp. 85).
???
988 ! Two very beautiful clean pealed trochi from Otaheite. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 161, figs. 1520, 1521).
Trochus iris. The rainbow top. Gmelin (1791: sp. 86).
???
989 ! A very beautiful rainbow top, equally from the South Sea, the upper side green shiny, the aperture, however, plays all possible colors. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 161, figs. 1522, 1523). 		page 86
990 ! One of the above, as beautiful as the previous one.
991 ! One of its top skin acquitted one of the above, therefore inside and outside rainbow colored shiny.
Trochus imbricatus. Chinese roof. Gmelin (1791: sp. 93).
Astraea tecta (Lightfoot, 1786) = imbricata Gmelin, 1791: Turbinidae. Lesser Antilles.
992 A top snail. (the Chinese roof.) Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 162, fig. 1531).
Trochus americanus. The American top. Gmelin (1791: sp. 94).
Astraea tecta americana (Gmelin, 1791): Turbinidae. SE Florida.
993 Two red spotted tops. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 162, fig. 1534, 1535).
Trochus caelatus. Spengler's/Tin smith's spur. Gmelin (1791: sp. 95).
Astraea caelata (Gmelin, 1791): Turbinidae. Florida to West Indies. "Spengl" could refer either to Lorenz Spengler (1720-1807) or to the name of a profession.
994 Two beautiful trochi. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 162, figs. 1536, 1537).
Trochus cookii. Cook's top. Gmelin (1791: sp. 97).
???
995 ! A rare beautiful Cook's top from the South Sea, particularly shiny. 3 inches. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 163, fig. 1540).
Trochus fenestratus. Window top. Gmelin (1791: sp. 100).
Trochus fenestratus Gmelin, 1791: Trochidae. Central and SW Pacific.
996 Two green window tops. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 163, figs. 1549, 1550).
Trochus argyrostomus. Black silver mouth. Gmelin (1791: sp. 102).
Chlorostoma argyrostomum (Gmelin, 1791): Trochidae. Japan.
997 ! Two rare black Southlandian silver mouths. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 165, figs. 1562, 1563).
Trochus conchyliophorus. Stone carrier. Gmelin (1791: sp. 110).
Xenophora conchyliophorus (Born, 1780): Xenophoridae. North Carolina to Brazil.
998 The rare stone carrier, loaded with different stones. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 172, figs. 1688, 1689).
Trochus telescopium. The sea barrel. Gmelin (1791: sp. 112).
Telescopium telescopium (Linnaeus, 1758): Potamididae.
999 An extra large banded sea barrel. 4 3/4 inches. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 160, fig. 1507, 1508). Knorr (vol. 3, pl. 23, fig. 3). 		page 87

1000 One of the above, equally beautiful. 3 1/4 inches.
1001 A small rare double banded and strongly curved one of the above.
Trochus dolabratus. The ship flag. Gmelin (1791: sp. 113).
Pyramidella dolabrata (Linnaeus, 1758): Pyramidellidae. Indo-Pacific, Caribbean.
1002 Two white and yellow banded aft sea barrels. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 167, figs. 1603, 1604). Knorr (vol. 6, pl. 19, figs. 2, 3).
1003 Two of the above, blue and brown bands.

Genus 337. Turbo. Moon snails.

Turbo littoreus. Moon nerite. Gmelin (1791: sp. 3).
Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758): Littorinidae. N Atlantic.
1004 Two oil jugs. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 185, fig. 1852).
1005 Two of the above.
Turbo petholatus. Nassauian. Gmelin (1791: sp. 8).
Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758: Turbinidae. Central and W Pacific.
1006 A red Nassauian cleanly marbled, with 8 bands. Chemnitz (vol. 5, p.. 183, figs. 1528, 1529). Knorr (vol. 1, pl. 3, fig. 4).
1007 Two of the above, equally beautiful.
1008 Two of the above, with 7 bands.
1009 One of the above, with 6 bands. Knorr (vol. 3, pl. 3, fig. 3).
1010 Two dark brown ones of the above. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 183, figs. 1830, 1831).
1011 One of the above, somewhat smaller.
1012 A rare one of the above, particularly marbled, with 4 narrow and one broad band.
Turbo chrysostomus. The gold mouth. Gmelin (1791: sp. 10).
Turbo chrysostomus Linnaeus, 1758: Turbinidae. Indo-Pacific.
1013 A beautiful large gold mouth. (the golden oven.) Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 178, fig. 1766). Knorr (vol. 5, pl. 13, fig. 3). 3 inches.
1014 One of the above somewhat smaller, equally beautiful.
1015 A particularly beautiful one of the above, entirely green with red tip.

page 88
Turbo persicum. Chinese roof. Gmelin (1791: sp. 11).
???
1016 The Chinese roof. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 163, figs. 1543, 1544).
1017 One of the above.
Turbo pagodus. Pagode snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 12).
Tectaria pagodus (Linnaeus, 1758): Littorinidae. SW Pacific.
1018 Two large pagode snails. (Moorish temple.) Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 163, figs. 1541, 1542). Knorr (vol. 1, pl. 25, figs. 3, 4).
1019 Two of the above, equally beautiful.
1020 Two of the above.
1021 Two of the above.
Turbo calcar. The spur. Gmelin (1791: sp. 13).
???
1022 Two yellow spurs. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 164, figs. 1552, 1553). Knorr (vol. 4, pl. 6, fig. 2).
1023 ! Two green South See spurs. Compare with Chemnitz (vol. 10, pl. 165, figs. 1585, 1586).
1024 The coral carrier, with deer antlers, strongly over grown.
1025 One of the above, somewhat smaller.
Turbo rugosa. Furrow bundle. Gmelin (1791: sp. 14).
???
1026 One to the mother of pearl undressed bundle. (Crown horn). Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 180, figs. 1782, 1783). Knorr (vol. 3, pl. 20, fig. 1).
Turbo marmoratus. The snake skin. Gmelin (1791: sp. 15).
Turbo marmoratus Linnaeus, 1758: Turbinidae. Indo-Pacific.
1027 A large snake skin. (Green knob horn). 5 inches. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 179, figs. 1775, 1776). Knorr (vol. 3, pl. 27, fig. 1).
1028 One of the above, equally beautiful.
Turbo sarmaticus. The Sarmatian. Gmelin (1791: sp. 16).
???
1029 ! A reddish yellow Sarmatian. (Pearled orange eye.) Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 180, fig. 1781). 		page 89
1030 ! A large dark brown one of the above, with translucent mother of pearl knobs. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 179, figs. 1777, 1778). Knorr (vol. 1, pl. 3, fig. 1).
Turbo cornutus. Horned silver mouth. Gmelin (1791: sp. 18).
Turbo cornutus Lightfoot, 1786 = cornutus Gmelin, 1791: Turbinidae. Japan, E China.
1031 Two green strongly serrated silver mouths. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 179, figs. 1779, 1780). (particularly beautiful.)
Turbo radiatus. Speckled silver mouth. Gmelin (1791: sp. 19).
Trochus radiatus (Gmelin, 1791): Trochidae. Indo-Pacific.
1032 A large speckled and banded silver mouth. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 177, fig. 1762).
1033 One of the above, equally beautiful.
1034 Two smaller ones of the above.
Turbo imperialis. Imperial moon snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 20).
??? Astraea heliotropium (Martyn, 1784) = imperialis Gmelin, 1791: Turbinidae. New Zealand. Is the Martyn name suppressed???
1035 A beautiful large green and mother of pearl alternating moon snail. Chemnitz (vol. 5, p. 180, fig. 1790).
1036 A smaller one of the above, very shiny, green and mother of pearl.
1037 Two entirely undressed mother of pearl ones of the above.
Turbo setosus. The black brush. Gmelin (1791: sp. 23).
Turbo setosus Gmelin, 1791: Turbinidae. Central and SW Pacific.
1038 An extra beautiful inside strongly corded and mother of pearl shining black brush. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 181, figs, 1795, 1796).
1039 Two vertical speckled silver mouths, at the same place [Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 181,] fig. 1797).
1040 A brown and yellow speckled one of the above. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 182, fig. 1809).
Turbo sparverius. The sparrow. Gmelin (1791: sp. 25).
Turbo sparverius Gmelin, 1791: Turbinidae. SW Pacific.
1041 Two beautifully speckled sparrows. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 181, fig. 1798).
1042 ! A rare (so far still unknown) corded and featherlike one of the above, more yellow than the previous one. 		page 90
Turbo spenglerianus. The Spenglerian silver mouth. Gmelin (1791: sp. 27).
???
1043 A yellow silver mouth. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 181, figs. 1801, 1802).
1044 ! A rare highly braided silver mouth.
1045 A corded one of the above.
Turbo smaragdus. The emerald moon snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 30).
Lunella smaragdus (Gmelin, 1791): Turbinidae. New Zealand.
1046 ! A very beautifully green shimmering emeralds snail from Otaheite. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 182, figs. 1816, 1817).
1047 ! An equally beautiful one of the above, from the same place, with the lid.
1048 ! A rough more compressed one of the above, equally with the lid.
1049 ! A high braided and somewhat banded one of the above.
Turbo cidaris. The Turkish Bundle [also type of flower]. Gmelin (1791: sp. 34).
Turbo cidaris Gmelin, 1791: Turbinidae. South Africa.
1050 An orange colored bundle with clean lines. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 184, fig. 1844).
1051 Two brown and white broad banded ones of the above. At the same place [Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 184,] fig. 1846).
1052 A pale finely banded one of the above.
Turbo pica. Soldier or eleventh. Gmelin (1791: sp. 39).
Cittarium pica (Linnaeus, 1758): Trochidae. Caribbean.
1053 A beautiful, large and regularly cord ear. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 176, figs. 1750, 1751). Knorr (vol. 1, pl. 10, fig. 1).
1054 Two of the above, smaller.
1055 Two large, mostly entirely black ones of the above.
Trochus delphinus. Serrated dolphin. Gmelin (1791: sp. 44).
Angaria delphinus (Linnaeus, 1758): Turbinidae. Indo-Pacific.
1056 Two serrated grey dolphins. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 175, fig. 1729). Knorr (vol. 4, pl. 8, fig. 1).
1057 Two darker ones of the above, Chemnitz at the same place [(vol. 5, pl. 175,] figs. 1730, 1731).
1058 A large red one of the above. [Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 175,] fig. 1733). Knorr (vol. 1, pl. 22, figs. 4, 5). 		page 91
1059 Two of the above.
1060 Two different to particularly remarkable ones of the above.
1061 Two entirely mother of pearl ones of the above.
Turbo distortus. Ribbed dolphin. Gmelin (1791: sp. 46).
???
1062 A red dolphin with strong whorls. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 175, figs. 1737, 1738).
1063 One of the above, even more beautiful.
1064 One of the above, somewhat smaller.
Turbo aculeatus. The Nicobarian spur. Gmelin (1791: sp. 48).
???
1065 Two Nicobarian spurs. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 165, figs. 1554, 1555).
1066 A particularly high braided and the first whorl free standing one of the above. (Spenglerian spur.) Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 164, figs. 1556, 1557).
Turbo scalaris. True spiral staircase. Gmelin (1791: sp. 62).
Epitonium scalare (Linneaus, 1758): Epitoniidae. Japan to SW Pacific.
1067 ! ! An extraordinarily large Amboinian high braided and elongated true spiral staircase. 2 1/2 inches. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 152, figs. 1426, 1427). Knorr (vol. 5, pl. 24, fig. 6).
1068 ! ! An equally magnificent one of the above, with drawn out white ribs, 2 1/2 inches. Knorr (vol. 5, pl. 23, fig. 1). (particularly beautiful in color.)
1069 ! ! A beautiful entirely yellow one of the above, 2 inches.
1070 ! ! A very beautiful liver colored one of the above, with white ribs, 1 3/4 inches.
1071 ! One of the above 1 1/8 inches.
1072 ! One of the above, of equal size.
1073 ! One of the above, 1 inch.
1074 ! A very beautiful high liver colored one of the above, with white ribs, 1 1/2 inches. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 153, figs. 1430-1433). Knorr (vol. 4, pl. 20, figs. 2, 3).
1075 ! One of the above smaller.
1076 ! One of the above, of the above. 		page 92
Turbo clathrus. Common spiral staircase. Gmelin (1791: sp. 63).
Epitonium clathrum (Linnaeus, 1758): Epitoniidae. W Europe, Mediterranean.
1077 A liver colored Amboinian untrue spiral staircase, with many sharp white ribs. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 153, fig. 1438). Knorr (vol. 4, pl. 20, fig. 6). (rare.)
1078 An equally rare Amboinian elongated one of the above, 1 3/4 inches. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 152, figs. 1428, 1429). Knorr (vol, 4, pl. 20, fig. 4).
1079 One of the above, 1 1/4 inches.
1080 One of the above, 1 3/4 inches.
1081 One of the above, 1 1/2 inches.
1082 Two entirely white ones of the above with blunt ribs. Martini (vol, 4, pl. 153, fig. 1434). Knorr (vol, 4, pl. 20, fig. 5).
1083 Two white West Indian ones of the above.
1084 Two of the above, of the above.
1085 A small smooth unribbed one of the above.
1086 Two rare umbilicated ones of the above, with very large aperture and an opening from the umbilicus through the uppermost tip.
Turbo uva. The bee basket. Gmelin (1791: sp. 68).
???
1087 Two bee baskets. Martini (vol, 4, pl. 153, figs. 1439 a, b). Knorr (vol. 6, pl. 25, fig. 4).
1088 Two of the above.
Turbo imbricatus. Colorful screw. Gmelin (1791: sp. 76).
Astraea tecta (Lightfoot, 1786) = imbricata Gmelin, 1791: Turbinidae. Florida.
1089 An elongated screw. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 152, fig. 1422). Knorr (vol. 6, pl. 25, fig. 2).
1090 Two of the above, equally beautiful.
Turbo replicatus. Smooth screw. Gmelin (1791: sp. 77).
???
1091 An extra beautiful yellow smooth screw, 5 inches. Martini (vol. 4, p. 151, fig. 1412). Knorr (vol. 6, pl. 25, fig. 3).
1092 One of the above, blueish in color. 		page 93

Turbo exoletus. Old screw. Gmelin (1791: sp. 80).
Turritella exoleta (Linnaeus, 1758): Turritellidae. SE United States to Brazil.
1093 Two yellow screws. Martini (vol. 4, pl. 152, fig. 1425).
Turbo terebra. Drum screw. Gmelin (1791: sp. 81).
Turritella terebra (Linnaeus, 1758): Turritellidae. SW Pacific.
1094 A clean drum screw, 5 1/2 inches. Martini (vol, 4, pl. 151, fig. 1415).
1095 One of the above. Martini at the same place [(vol. 4, pl. 151,] 1416). Knorr (vol. 1, pl. 8, fig. 6).
Turbo variegatus. The vein screw. [Gmelin (1791:] sp. 82).
Turritella variegata (Linnaeus, 1758): Turritellidae. West Indies.
1096 Two speckled screws. Martini (vol, 4, pl. 152, fig. 1423).
1097 Two of the above.
Turbo annulatus. The cordlet screw. Gmelin (1791: sp. 86).
???
1098 A clean white screw. Knorr (vol. 6, pl. 39, fig. 2).
1099 Two of the above.
Turbo perversus. The left screw. Gmelin (1791: sp. 88).
???
1100 Two small lefthanded barley grains. Argentville (pl. 28, fig. 15). Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 112, figs. 959a, b).

Genus 328. Helix. Scroll snail.

Helix lapicida. Stone picker. Gmelin (1791: sp. 2).
Helicigona lapicida (Linnaeus, 1758): Helicidae. Western and Central Europe.
1101 A brown speckled and banded stone picker. Knorr (vol. 2, pl. 13, fig. 4).
1102 Two of the above. Knorr (vol. 5, pl. 21, fig. 4).
1103 Four different ones of the above banded. Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 126, figs. 1108, 1109).
Helix planorbis. Disk snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 20).
Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 17xx): Planorbidae. Europe.
1104 A small entirely brown disk snail. Knorr (vol. 5, pl. 22, fig. 6).

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Helix ringens. Eastindian lamp. Gmelin (1791: sp. 22).
Anostoma ringens (Linnaeus, 1758): Odontostomidae. Western Baja California, Brazil.
1105 Two beautiful white brown banded lamps. Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 125, fig. 1097). Knorr (vol. 5, pl. 26, figs. 6, 7).
Helix carocolla. Bastard lamps. Gmelin (1791: sp. 26).
Pleurodonta (Caracolus) caracolla (Linnaeus, 1758): Camaeidae. Puerto Rico.
1106 A brown lam with red flews, 3 inches. Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 125, figs. 1090, 1091). Knorr (vol. 4, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3).
1107 One of the above, with white flew.
1108 A very beautiful violet one of the above with white aperture and bands. Knorr (vol. 4, pl. 13, fig. 4).
Helix cornu militare. White scroll snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 29).
???
1109 ! Two very rare umbilicated large and smooth snails with violet eyes. (The soil apple [= potato].) Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 129, figs. 1142, 1143). Knorr (vol. 6, pl. 32, fig. 2).
1110 ! Two entirely white fringed ones of the above.
1111 ! Two small more elevated ones of the above, without eyes.
Helix gualtieriana (extremely rare). The Gualtieri lamp. Gmelin (1791: sp. 33).
Iberus gualtieriana (Linnaeus, 1767): Helicidae. Spain.
1112 ! An extremely rare large Asian white cancellated lamp. Martini (vol. 5, p. 237. Vignette 44, figs. A, B.)
1113 ! One of the above equally beautiful, somewhat yellowish in color.
Helix cornea. The wood horn. Gmelin (1791: sp. 35).
???
1114 Two wood horns. Argentville (pl. 27, fig. 8).
1115 Two of the above
Helix arietis. Ram horn. Gmelin (1791: sp. 41).
???
1116 Two ram horns, with broad bands. Knorr (vol. 1, pl. 2, figs. 4, 5).
1117 Two different ones of the above.
1118 ! ! Helix porphyrostoma; by us [= new species]. Helix with an umbilicated shell, a little flat, unicolor chestnut, aperture violet, recurved lip. Spire blunt umbilicated; the umbilical opening of the base [has] the size of a pea, almost 7/8 inches, deep. Lives in Ambon. An extremely rare newly discovered post horn; this snail is uniform chestnut brown with recurved flew and violet aperture, the spire is on top perspectivally depressed by 1/4 inch, the umbilical hole at the base is the size of a pea and 7/8 inch deep, the entire height of this snail is 1 1/4 inches, from Ambon.
Nomen dubium. See Geiger (2003) for details. Discussion of this new species.

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1119 ! Helix australasiae; by us [= new species]. Helix with a imperforate towered shell, with the top spire dark brown narrowly decorated with fillet, the second [whorl] somewhat horn-colored, with the two last ones saturated violet, aperture somewhat round [and] wide, strongly grooved, flesh colored. Lives in Tahiti & other nearby islands of the Pacific Ocean. An equally beautiful snail from Otaheite. This exquisitely beautiful snail should cheaply [= at first sight] according to its lower shape counted to the post horns, it is, however, high braided; the first whorl is brown and finely banded, the second looses itself to horn colored, the two last ones to dark violet, the aperture is broad, round, flesh colored, and strongly grooved, its height is 1 1/2 inches, and the umbilicus 1/2 inch deep.
Nomen dubium. See Geiger (2003) for details. Discussion of this new species.
Helix ampullacea. The ox eye. Gmelin (1791: sp. 43).
???
1120 A blue banded ox' eye. Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 128, figs. 1133, 1135). Knorr (vol. 5, pl. 5, fig. 2).
1121 One of the above with the mud skin.
1122 ! A large brown and folded snail (Helix idolum maxima.) The idol Mantu. This snail is very inflated, 4 3/4 inches in diameter, and 4 3/4 inches high, extremely rare.
Helix pomatia. The vineyard snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 47).
Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758: Helicidae. Europe.
1123 Two vineyard snails. Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 108, figs. 911, 912).
1124 A rare sinistral one of the above, at the same place [Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 108,) figs. 908, 909).
Helix glauca. Cow eye. Gmelin (1791: sp. 48).
???
1125 A very beautiful violet banded cow eye. Knorr 9vol. 5, pl. 5, fig. 3).
1126 A blue multi-banded one of the above. 		page 96
Helix citrina. Umbilicus scroll. Gmelin (1791: sp. 49).
1127 A liver colored umbilicus scroll with white and black bands. Argentville (pl. 28, gi. 10). Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 131, figs. 1167-1175).
1128 Two of the above, differently banded.
1129 One of the above, yellow with orange bands.
1130 Two of the above.]
1131 Two lemon yellow ones of the above, with dark yellow bands.
1132 Two of the above, with white bands.
Helix arbustorum. Tree snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 53).
Arianta arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758): Helicidae. Europe.
1133 A collection of 15 selected land snails in various colors, partly banded, partly umbilictaed and without umbilicus. Chemnitz (vol. 9, p. 130, figs. 1158-1160).
Helix flammea. Flamed bubble snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 88).
Limicolaria flammea (Müller, 1774): Achatinidae. West Africa.
1134 Two clean Senegalese exquisitely beautiful high braided thin shelled bubble snails, the base is white, with descending brown bands. Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 119, figs. 1024, 1025).
Helix perversa. Whorl snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 94).
Amphidromus perversus (Linnaeus, 1758): Camaeidae. Indonesia.
1135 A pale yellow left pot snail, (Topslak) with 2 brown descending lines. Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 111, figs. 934, 935).
1136 A yellow one of the above, brown banded. Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 110, figs. 925, 926). Knorr (vol. 5, pl. 23, figs. 4, 5).
Helix dextra. Lemon yellow pot snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 95).
???
1137 A lemon yellow right handed one of the above, with a brown descending band. Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 134, fig. 1212).
Helix interrupta. The interrupted pot snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 98).
Amphidromus perversus forma interruptus (Müller, 1774): Camaeidae. Java.
1138 Two grey ones of the above, brown banded. Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 118, figs. 1015, 1016). 3 inches. 		page 97

1139 Two small one of the above, more banded.
1140 Two of the above, more flamed.
1141 A rare one of the above, 3 times with cross and 3 times with diagonal descending bands.
1142 A large white slag. 3 inches. Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 120, figs. 1031, 1032).
1143 Two rare white ones of the above, with pale red aperture and tips. (The Eastindian virgin.) Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 121, fig. 1042).
Helix vivipara. Live birthing snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 105).
Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 17xx): Viviparidae. Europe.
1144 Two obliquely vertically flamed water snails. Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 132, figs. 1182-1185).
1145 Two of the above, equally beautiful.
1146 Three of the above, entirely different.
1147 Three different thick shelled ones of the above.
Helix scalaris. Elongated vineyard snail. Gmelin (1791: sp. 116).
???
1148 A particularly high spired vineyard snail. Argentville, Zoomorph. (pl. 9, fig. 8). Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 128, fig. 1139, 1, 2, 3 ?).
Helix tenera. The banded horn. Gmelin (1791: sp. 121).
??? Helicostyla tenera (Gmelin, 17xx)???
1149 A white elongated and banded horn from Ceylon. Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 120, fig. 1030).
Helix amarula. The stream Pope's crown. Gmelin (1791: sp. 126).
???
1150 ! A rare black [hunting] ground Pope's crown. 1 3/4 inches. Rumphius (pl. 33, fig. F. F.). Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 134, figs. 1218, 1219).
Helix stagnalis. The tip horn. Gmelin (1791: sp. 128).
Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758): Lymnaeidae. Northern Hemisphere.
1151 Three beautiful large stream tip horns. Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 135, figs. 1237, 1338).

* * *

1152 Two rare Arabian pointed headed finely ribbed babe-in-arms with recurved flews. Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 133, fig. 1234).

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1153 ! Two righthanded South Sea brownish equally finely ribbed babe-in-arms with recurved flews. Compare with Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 112, figs. 950, 951).
1154 ! A ball[of wool]-shaped hat with protruding flew, the snail is liver colored with a fine violet band, below at the base ornamented with a broad burnt-red band, with same color finished the tip of this rare snail. Compare with Chemnitz (vol. 9, pl. 122, figs. 1046-1048).
1155 ! Helix carmelita; by us [= inches]. Helix with an imperforated thick shell, five whorls. With a color diluted dark red, furnished with oblique tawny brown longitudinal bands broadly running down. Lives in New Zealand. A so far unknown thick shelled New Zealandian snail of 5 whorls; the body apple flower-colored shaded, and all over ornamented with oblique broadly running down carmelite-bands, which this snail gives an striking appearance.
Nomen dubium. See Geiger (2003) for details. Discussion of this new species.
Helix halitoidea. The little milk bowl. Gmelin (1791: sp. 152).
???
1156 Two sea ears without holes. (Little milk bowls.) Argentville (pl. 3, fig. C.). Martini (vol. 1, pl. 16, figs. 152, 153). Knorr (vol. 4, pl. 17, fig. 5).

Genus 329. Nerita. Swim snails.

Nerita canrena. Egg yolk. Gmelin (1791: sp. 1).
Natica canrena (Linnaeus, 1758): Naticidae. United States, Caribbean, Bermuda.
1157 Two banded egg yolk. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 186, figs. 1861, 1861). Argentville (pl. 7, fig. A.). Knorr (vol. 3, pl. 20, fig. 5).
1158 Two of the above smaller.
Nerita lineata. Lined nerite. Gmelin (1791: sp. 2).
Natica lineata (Röding, 1798): Naticidae. Japan to Queensland, N Indian Ocean.
1159 A lined nerite. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 186, figs. 1864, 1865).

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1160 One of the above, with the hermit crab. Argentville (pl. 7, fig. Y).
Nerita glaucina. Buck's eye. Gmelin (1791: sp. 3).
???
1161 Two large buck eyes. (the buck.) Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 186, figs. 1856, 1857). Knorr (vol. 2, pl. 11, fig. 1).
1162 Two of the above, equally beautiful.
Nerita vitellus. Egg yolk. Gmelin (1791: sp. 4).
Natica vitellus (Linnaeus, 1758): Naticidae. W Pacific, Indian Ocean.
1163 Two egg yolks. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 186, figs. 1866, 1867). Knorr (vol. 1, pl. 7, fig. 2).
1164 Two of the above.
Nerita albumen. Pushed egg yolk. Gmelin (1791: sp. 5).
Neverita albumen (Linnaeus, 1758): Naticidae. Indo-Pacific.
1165 A large pushed egg yolk. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 189, figs. 1924, 1925). Knorr (vol. 4, pl. 7, figs. 4, 5).
1166 Two of the above.
Nerita mamilla. The mother breast. Gmelin (1791: sp. 6).
???
1167 Two entirely white with grooved whorl nerite. (elephant foot.) Elephant foot. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 189, fig. 1922, 1923). Knorr (vol. 1, pl. 6, figs. 6, 7).
1168 Two entirely smooth ones of the above, with elevated tip. Chemnitz at the same place [(vol. 5, pl. 189,] figs. 1928, 1929). Knorr (vol. 6, pl. 40, figs. 2, 3).
1169 Two of the above.
1170 Two stubby ones of the above.
1171 A rare one of the above, with fine bands, umbilicate and sharp cuts, from Ambon.
1172 Two ones of the above with yellow tips, one not umbilicate. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 189, figs. 1930, 1931).
1173 An entirely yellow one of the above. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 189, figs. 1934, 1935). Knorr (vol. 4, pl. 6, figs. 3, 4).
1174 A brown banded ones of the above. Ñ [Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 189,] figs. 1932, 1933). Knorr (vol. 4, pl. 8, fig. 4).
Nerita rufa. Brown nerite. Gmelin (1791: sp. 9).
Natica vitellus (Linnaeus, 1758) = rufa Born: Naticidae. W Pacific, Indian Ocean.
1175 Two banded nerites. Chemnitz (vol. 5, pl. 187, figs. 1872-1875).
1176 Three different ones of the above. Rumphius (pl. 22, fig. D).
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