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Table of Contents

Family Haliotidae 7
History 7
Materials 8
Abbreviations of collections 8
Acknowledgments 9
Systematic affinities and characteristics of the family 10
Fossil Record 12
Distribution and Biogeography 13
The Shell 15
Shell mineralogy 17
Holes as a taxonomic character and teratological type specimens 17
Hybrids 19
Genus-level taxa 19
Haliotis, sensu stricto 19
Other genus-level taxa and their type species 20
Classification 21
Haliotis, sensu stricto 22
Nordotis 23
Notohaliotis 23
Sanhaliotis 23
Recommendation 24
Species-level taxa 24
Use of subspecies 24
Taxonomic decision taken in this contribution 26
Anatomy of abalone 26
External features 26
The radula in abalone 28
Biology 30
Life cycle 30
Age 30
Food and feeding 31
Mobility 31
Epizoans 31
Commensals 31
Parasites 32
Predators 32
Request for addional data and specimens 33
Fisheries, Poaching, Conservation, and Collecting 34
Abalone and Human Culture 36
Treatment of species 37
Haliotis asinina Linnaeus, 1758 39, Pls. 20, 21
Haliotis aurantium Simone, 1998 40, Pl. 8
Haliotis australis Gmelin, 1791 41, Pl. 54
Haliotis brazieri Angas, 1869 41, Pl. 39
Haliotis clathrata Reeve, 1846 (non Lichtenstein, 1794) 42, Pl. 40
Haliotis coccoradiata Reeve, 1846 44, Pl. 41
Haliotis corrugata Wood, 1828 44, Pls. 61-62
Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814 45, Pl. 63
Haliotis crebrisculpta Sowerby III, 1914 46, Pl. 23
Haliotis cyclobates Pˇron, 1816 47, Pl. 42
Haliotis dalli Henderson, 1915 48, Pl. 64
Haliotis discus discus Reeve, 1846 49, Pls. 31-32
Haliotis discus hannai Ino, 1952 50, Pls. 31-32
Haliotis dissona (Iredale, 1929) 50, Pl. 59
Haliotis diversicolor Reeve, 1846 51, Pls. 33-35
Haliotis dohrniana Dunker, 1863 52, Pl. 22
Haliotis elegans Philippi, 1844 53, Pl. 43
Haliotis exigua Dunker, 1877 54, Pl. 36
Haliotis fatui Geiger, 1999 55, Pl. 23
Haliotis fulgens Philippi, 1845 55, Pl. 65
Haliotis gigantea Gmelin, 1791 56, Pls. 37-38
Haliotis glabra Gmelin, 1791 57, Pl. 24
Haliotis hargravesi (Cox, 1869) 58, Pl. 44
Haliotis iris Gmelin, 1791 59, Pls. 55-56
Haliotis jacnensis Reeve, 1846 60, Pl. 25
Haliotis kamtschatkana kamtschatkana Jonas, 1845 61, Pl. 66
Haliotis kamtschatkana assimilis Dall, 1878 62, Pl. 37
Haliotis laevigata Donovan, 1808 63, Pl. 45
Haliotis madaka (Habe, 1977) 64, Pl. 36
Haliotis mariae mariae Wood, 1828 65, Pl. 16
Haliotis mariae dentata Jonas, 1844 65, Pl. 16
Haliotis marmorata Linnaeus, 1758 66, Pl. 1
Haliotis midae Linnaeus, 1758 67, Pl. 9-10
Haliotis ovina Gmelin, 1791 68, Pls. 26-27
Haliotis parva Linnaeus, 1758 69, Pls. 11-12
Haliotis planata Sowerby II, 1882 70, Pl. 28
Haliotis pourtalesii Dall, 1881 71, Pl. 8
Haliotis pulcherrima Gmelin, 1791 72, Pl. 60
Haliotis pustulata Reeve, 1846 73, Pl. 17
Haliotis queketti Smith, 1910 74, Pl. 13
Haliotis roberti McLean, 1970 75, Pl. 64
Haliotis roei Gray, 1826 76, Pl. 46
Haliotis rubiginosa Reeve, 1846 77, Pl. 44
Haliotis rubra rubra Leach, 1814 77, Pls. 47-48
Haliotis rubra conicopora Pˇron, 1816 78, Pl. 49
Haliotis rufescens Swainson, 1822 79, Pls. 68-69
Haliotis rugosa Lamarck, 1822 80, Pl. 18
Haliotis scalaris scalaris (Leach, 1814) 81, Pl. 50
Haliotis scalaris emmae Reeve, 1846 82, Pl. 51
Haliotis semiplicata Menke, 1843 83, Pl. 52
Haliotis sorenseni Bartsch, 1940 83, Pl. 70
Haliotis spadicea Donovan, 1808 84, Pl. 14
Haliotis speciosa Reeve, 1846 85, Pl. 15
Haliotis squamata Reeve, 1846 86, Pl. 53
Haliotis squamosa Gray, 1826 87, Pl. 18
Haliotis stomatiaeformis Reeve, 1846 88, Pl. 2
Haliotis tuberculata tuberculata Linnaeus, 1758 89, Pls. 2-6
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve, 1846 90, Pl. 7
Haliotis unilateralis Lamarck, 1822 91, Pl. 19
Haliotis varia Linnaeus, 1758 92, Pls. 29-30
Haliotis virginea virginea Gmelin, 1791 93, Pl. 57
Haliotis virginea crispata Gould, 1847 94, Pl. 58
Haliotis virginea huttoni Filhol, 1880 95, Pl. 58
Haliotis virginea morioria Powell, 1938 96, Pl. 58
Haliotis walallensis Stearns, 1899 97, Pl. 71
Appendix 1: Index of All Species Level Taxa. 99
Appendix 2: Abalone Species by Zoogeographic Areas. 105
Caribbean 105
European and Senegalese 105
South African 105
Eastern African, Red Sea and Persian Gulf 106
Indian Ocean and Tropical West Pacific 106
Temperate Australian 107
New Zealand 107
Northwestern Pacific 107
Northeastern Pacific 108
Tropical Eastern Pacific 108
Literature Cited 109
Index 131
Plates
Haliotidae Plates 1-71
Freaks Plates 72-73
Determination tool Plates 74-81
Living animals Plates 82-83